Which factor is most likely to drive ecological character displacement?

Ecological character displacement occurs when similar species that compete for the same resources evolve different traits to minimize this competition. This process is typically driven by the need to lessen the overlap in resource use, especially when two species are found in the same geographic area. For example, if two bird species both rely on similar food sources, individuals of one species might evolve beaks that are better suited for a different type of food over time. This divergence allows each species to exploit different niches, reducing competition and promoting coexistence.

Increased competition for the same resources serves as a powerful selective pressure leading to trait modification. As individuals that can utilize resources more effectively survive and reproduce, the resulting adaptations gradually differentiate the two species’ ecological characteristics. Therefore, competition for shared resources is the primary factor influencing ecological character displacement, guiding evolution toward reducing direct competition.