What is the definition of evolution in a biological context?

The definition of evolution in a biological context revolves around the concept of change in heritable traits within populations over time. This definition highlights the key mechanisms by which evolutionary change occurs, primarily through processes such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. By emphasizing heritable characteristics, it underscores the importance of traits that can be passed from one generation to the next, ultimately leading to the adaptation of populations to their environments over successive generations.

In this context, the focus is on the biological populations rather than individuals. Evolution does not happen to a single organism but rather is observed in changes to populations over time as they adapt to various selective pressures. This understanding is foundational in the study of evolutionary biology, illustrating how diversity arises and how species can evolve from shared ancestors.

This definition distinguishes itself from other choices as it captures the essence of evolutionary change, describing not just the creation of new species or the interactions between organisms and their environment, but rather the gradual accumulation of changes at the population level that can eventually lead to speciation and biodiversity.