What does coevolution in predator-prey interactions not lead to?

Coevolution in predator-prey interactions refers to the reciprocal evolutionary changes that occur in these two groups as they adapt to one another's adaptations and defenses. In such interactions, it is common for changes to manifest in predator behavior as they learn to capture prey more effectively, or for prey species to evolve increased defenses against predation.

Adaptive radiation of predators can occur as different predatory strategies develop to exploit a variety of prey types, which may emerge due to the evolutionary pressures imposed by prey defenses. Increased prey defenses are a typical outcome of coevolution, as prey species develop physical or behavioral traits to avoid predation.

Ecological character displacement, however, specifically refers to the phenomenon where two competing species diverge in their traits due to resource competition, rather than direct predator-prey interactions. While predator-prey relationships can influence traits over time, ecological character displacement is more about how species adapt to coexistence in a shared environment and often involves resources other than predation. Therefore, this process does not directly result from coevolution in the same way as the other options.