How does sexual selection differ from natural selection?

Sexual selection is a form of selection that specifically arises from the preferences of one sex for certain traits in the other sex. This means that individuals with traits deemed attractive or advantageous by the mating preferences of the opposite sex are more likely to succeed in reproducing and passing on their genes. This selection pressure acts alongside natural selection but focuses more on reproductive success rather than purely survival. For example, elaborate plumage in peacocks may make them more visible to predators (a natural selection consideration) but also makes them more attractive to peahens, thus enhancing their mating success.

Natural selection, in contrast, primarily operates through environmental pressures that influence an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its particular habitat, while sexual selection can lead to traits that may improve mating success even if they don't contribute to survival.

In summary, the defining characteristic of sexual selection is the preference for certain traits that enhance reproductive opportunities, illustrating a mechanism that differs distinctly from the broader survival focus of natural selection.